How does a SAFE note convert into equity?

A SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) is not debt and has no fixed share count up front — it turns into shares at the company's first priced equity round. To reward the investor for taking early risk, it converts at a discount to the round price. The SAFE uses whichever of two prices is lower (giving the investor more shares):

Worked example: a $250K SAFE at a $5M cap, 20% discount

Use the converter below to model multiple SAFEs, MFN terms, and the full conversion waterfall at your priced round.

Step 1
Add your SAFE note with investment amount
Step 2
Set cap, discount, or MFN terms
Step 3
Enter priced round details and see conversion
Saved locally
Priced Round
Used for conversion

SAFE Notes
Saved Scenarios
Pro Tips
Cap vs. Discount: Compare effective valuations. The better one wins.
MFN SAFE: Use when terms aren't finalized. It gives you the best deal any investor gets.
Pro-Rata Rights: Critical for future rounds. Without it, you can get diluted even if you can afford your pro-rata share.
Early Stage Caps: Pre-money caps are typically $5-15M. Higher caps favor founders.
Share
Total SAFE Dilution
SAFE Shares Created
Effective Post-Money

How SAFE Conversion Works

When a priced round happens, SAFEs convert at the lower of (a) the valuation cap divided by the company's valuation, or (b) the discount applied to the price per share. This gives SAFE investors a better price than the round investors, rewarding them for their earlier risk.

SAFE Conversion Waterfall

See how each SAFE converts and the ownership each investor receives.

Ownership After SAFE Stacking

See how your cap table changes as each SAFE converts. Founders start at 100% and get diluted with each SAFE.

Pro-Rata & Next Round Preview

See what each SAFE investor would need to invest in your next priced round to maintain their ownership.

What are Pro-Rata Rights?

Pro-rata rights allow an investor to maintain their ownership percentage in future rounds by investing additional capital. For example, if an investor owns 5% after your SAFE round and you raise a new round, they have the right to buy enough shares to stay at 5%. Without pro-rata rights, their percentage would shrink (dilute) with each new round.

Conversion Details

Each SAFE note's conversion price, share count, and resulting ownership.

SAFE Note FAQ

Quick answers to common SAFE conversion questions.

What is a SAFE note?

A SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) is a Y Combinator-created instrument that lets an investor fund a startup now in exchange for the right to receive shares later, at the first priced equity round. It is not a loan — there is no interest, maturity date, or repayment.

Valuation cap or discount — which applies?

Whichever gives the investor a lower price per share (more shares). If the round valuation is well above the cap, the cap governs; if the round valuation is low, the discount may produce the cheaper price. Many SAFEs include both and let the investor use the better of the two.

Pre-money vs post-money SAFE — what's the difference?

On a post-money SAFE, ownership = investment ÷ cap, measured after all SAFEs convert but before new cash — so the cap fixes each investor's final percentage directly. On a pre-money SAFE, the cap applies to the pre-round valuation, so final ownership also depends on how much new money is raised. The modern YC SAFE is post-money.

Is my data sent anywhere?

No. All conversion math runs entirely in your browser. Nothing about your SAFE notes or cap table is uploaded to a server or stored anywhere.

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